Category: Economics
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Laboring AI – II
Research on the labor impact of GPTs is mainly focused on advanced economies in the West. Implicitly, it is assumed that what thrives in the former should also blossom in all other nations, provided they have reached a certain level of development and have been able to actively integrate into the global economy. The rest…
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Laboring AI – I
The sudden resurgence of AI in the early 2010s, riding on the coattails of newly developed and groundbreaking machine learning and deep learning algorithms, was accompanied by the emergence of seemingly endless “future of work” conversations and, eventually, heated debates . By the end of the decade, generating target listings by job and/or sector had…
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Free Market Dependency
I have previously argued that Big Tech companies with unbreakable ties to the real economy are more prone to incessant competition from both incumbents and non-incumbents. Apple and Amazon’s signature products are the best examples here. Take the iPhone. It not only has to deal with the Android caterpillar globally but also faces formidable competition…
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Sizing up Big Tech – VI
While it may be convenient to categorize the five usual suspects under the Big Tech label, ignoring the differences between them, pointed out in previous posts, could lead to simplistic conclusions. Take the word “big.” How big is “big?” The most common parameter used to measure is market capitalization, which is consistently in the trillions of…
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Sizing up Big Tech – V
Connecting to the Internet in 1994, the year Amazon was founded, was certainly not a walk in the park. For starters, the number of access providers could be easily counted. Accessing the emerging network of networks from home required a computer, a modem, an RS-232 compatible cable, supporting software, and an additional phone line, depending…
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Sizing up Big Tech – IV
Out of the five usual suspects frequently fingered as Big Tech gang members, Microsoft (MS) takes the top spot, time-wise. Indeed, the company turned 50 last April, beating Apple by almost one full year. Many will associate such advanced age with dinosaurs, especially if we use Internet time as a benchmark. However, MS shows no…
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Sizing up Big Tech – III
In the early 1980s, when Apple was still an underdog facing stiff competition from larger and well-established tech companies, it masterfully used mass advertising to challenge their dominance. TV and paper news media were the only options available at the time. Perhaps Apple’s most famous ad was 1984, launched in 1983, announcing the upcoming Macintosh…
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Sizing up Big Tech – II
As the EU Digital Markets Act (DMA) acknowledges, Google operates in various markets, including operating systems, devices, email, browsers, broadcasting, cloud services, mobile apps, advertising, and search. In some cases, such as search engines and mobile operating systems provided for “free,” the company has disproportionate world market shares (90 and 73 percent, respectively), thus attracting…
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Sizing up Big Tech
Have you ever bought something from Google? Many will likely answer positively—perhaps a tablet or a phone, or possibly a subscription to YouTube or Google One. Back in the early 2000s, most would have responded negatively, though. At the time, the company was synonymous with robust and mostly accurate web searches, and no one was…
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Internet Roots
An Intergalactic Computer Network (ICN). That was the first Internet Imaginary in the early 1960s, used to depict the endless possibilities of the then-emerging network of networks. The ICN Imaginary was thus born several years before the first four academic computer networks were interconnected in 1969, thanks to the pioneering groundwork of IPTO and the…
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Measuring AI, Responsibly – V
In the previous post of this series, I was surprised to uncover the lack of a positive correlation between GIRAI and regime types—as defined by The Economist Democracy Index (EDI). I expected the opposite since GIRAI’s design is driven by a human rights agenda. That is, countries with democratic regimes should achieve higher GIRAI scores.…
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A Decolonial Hegel
The road that took me to Hegel was long and winding — to almost paraphrase the Beatles’ last album song. I first spent two-plus years studying engineering, trying to tame incommensurable and difficult-to-digest content thriving under the headings of calculus, advanced mathematics, statistics, and physics. Sleeping was a luxury while staying alive was the goal,…
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Measuring AI, Responsibly – IV
The complexity of measuring RAI in over one hundred countries covering all regions should not be underestimated. GIRAI’s undertaking should thereby be acknowledged and openly praised. In a previous life, I had the opportunity to manage a global ICT for development program covering over 50 countries in all regions. While sleep time suffered quite a…
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Measuring AI, Responsibly – III
Although not unchallenged, GDP remains the indicator’s champion — I am sure Kuznets must still be delighted about this. Most nations work very hard to make it grow at all costs, as, in principle, the gains translate into higher living standards and human development, which are very laudable goals indeed. The flip side is its…
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Measuring AI, Responsibly – I
First published in 2017, Stanford’s AI Index Report provides extensive AI information covering a wide range of topics. Take no prisoners seems to be its implicit motto. The latest 2024 version is the most voluminous yet, with over 450 pages. Areas such as the economy, health, policy and governance, and diversity are part of the…